- Course Introduction
- 01: Evidence & DNA
- 02: Forensic Biology
- 03: DNA Extraction & Quantitation
- 04: DNA Amplification
- Overview
- Introduction
- Amplification
- Primer Design
- Primer Length
- Primer Melting Temperature
- Primer Annealing Temperature
- Values for Tm
- Maximum 3′ Stability
- GC Content Percentage
- No Secondary Structures
- No Self-complementarity
- No Complementarity To Other Primers
- No Long Runs With The Same Base
- Distance Between Two Primers On Target Sequence
- Plateau Effect
- Thermal Cyclers
- Thermal Cycling Parameter and Optimization
- Works Cited & Online Links
- Locus Selection
- Multiplexing
- Contamination
- Overview
- 05: Amplified DNA Product Separation
- 06: STR Data Analysis & Interpretation
- 07: Population Genetics & Statistics
- 08: Communicating Results
- 09: Other DNA Markers & Technologies
- Course Resources
- Laboratory Training Manual
President's DNA Initiative
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Advancing Justice Through DNA Technology
-
Advancing Justice Through DNA Technology
DNA Analyst Training
Works Cited & Online Links
Home > DNA Amplification > Overview > Works Cited & Online Links
- Haas, S. A., M. Hild, A. P. Wright, T. Hain, D. Talibi, and M. M. Vingron. 2003. Genome-scale design of PCR primers and long oligomers for DNA microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res 31 (19): 5576–81
- Farley, Mark A., and James J. Harrington, eds. 1991. Forensic DNA technology. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers.
- National Research Council, Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science. 1996. The evaluation of forensic DNA evidence: An update. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
- Butler, John M. 2005. Forensic DNA typing: Biology, technology, and genetics of STR markers. 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic Press.
- Innis, Michael A., David H. Gelfand, and John J. Sninsky, eds. 1995. PCR strategies. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- PREMIER Biosoft International. PCR primer design guidelines. http://www.premierbiosoft.com/tech_notes/PCR_Primer_Design
(accessed August 31, 2006). - Burke, J. F. 1996. PCR: Essential techniques. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons.
- Erlich, Henry A., ed. 1989. PCR technology: Principles and applications for DNA amplification. New York: Stockton Press.
- Newton, C. R., and A Graham. 1994. PCR. Oxford, U.K.: BIOS Scientific Publishers.
- Sugimoto, N., S. Nakano, M. Yoneyama, and K. Honda. 1996. Improved thermodynamic parameters and helix initiation factor to predict stability of DNA duplexes. Nucleic Acids Res 24 (22): 4501–5.
- Innis, Michael A., David H. Gelfand, John J. Sninsky, and Thomas J. White, eds. 1990. PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Rychlik, W., W. J. Spencer, and R. E. Rhoads. 1990. Optimization of the annealing temperature for DNA amplification in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res 18 (21): 6409–12.
- Vallone, P. M., and J. M. Butler. 2004. AutoDimer: A screening tool for primer-dimer and hairpin structures. Biotechniques 37 (2): 226–31.
- Edwards, M., and R. Gibbs. PCR Methods and Applications, 3, S65-S75.
- Mitsuhashi, M. 1996. Technical report: Part 2; Basic requirements for designing optimal PCR primers. J Clin Lab Anal 10 (5): 285–93.
Online Links
- Applied Biosystems
http://www.appliedbiosystems.com/ - AutoDimer homepage
http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/AutoDimerHomepage/ AutoDimerProgramHomepage.htm - BLAST
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast - mfold Server Site
http://mfold.bioinfo.rpi.edu/ - Oligonucleotide Properties Calculator
http://www.basic.northwestern.edu/biotools/oligocalc.html - Primer Design Software Packages
http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/primer.htm
